Buenos Aires Argentina

Buenos Aires officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires,is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South America's southeastern coast. "Buenos aires" is Spanish for "fair winds" or "good airs". Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha global city, according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) 2020 ranking.

Established	2 February 1536;

by Pedro de Mendoza  and in 11 June 1580; by Juan de Garay

Has a surface of 203 km² (78 sq mi).

Is a capital city and an autonomus city.

Population is 3,120,612 peoples and the Metropolitan area has 16,700,000 peoples.

The city of Buenos Aires is neither part of Buenos Aires Province nor the Province's capital; rather, it is an autonomous district. In 1880, after decades of political infighting, Buenos Aires was federalized and removed from Buenos Aires Province.^[15] The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores; both are now neighborhoods of the city. The 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy, hence its formal name of Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. 

Timeline of Buenos Aires
Historical affiliations

 Kingdom of Spain - Habsburg, 1536–1700
 Kingdom of Spain - Bourbon, 1700–180

 Kingdom of Spain - Bonaparte, 1808–1810

 United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, 1810–1831

 Argentine Confederation, 1831–1852

State of Buenos Aires, 1852–1861

 Argentina, 1861–present

In 1516, navigator and explorer Juan Díaz de Solís, navigating in the name of Spain, was the first European to reach the Río de la Plata. His expedition was cut short when he was killed during an attack by the native Charrúa tribe in what is now Uruguay. The city of Buenos Aires was first established as Ciudad de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre^[3] (literally "City of Our Lady Saint Mary of the Fair Winds") after Our Lady of Bonaria (Patroness Saint of Sardinia) on 2 February 1536 by a Spanish expedition led by Pedro de Mendoza. The settlement founded by Mendoza was located in what is today the San Telmo district of Buenos Aires, south of the city center.

More attacks by the indigenous people forced the settlers away, and in 1542, the site was thusly abandoned.^[32][33] A second (and permanent) settlement was established on 11 June 1580 by Juan de Garay, who arrived by sailing down the Paraná River from Asunción (now the capital of Paraguay). He dubbed the settlement "Santísima Trinidad" and its port became "Puerto de Santa María de los Buenos Aires."

From its earliest days, Buenos Aires depended primarily on trade. During most of the 17th century, Spanish ships were menaced by pirates, so they developed a complex system where ships with military protection were dispatched to Central America in a convoy from Seville (the only port allowed to trade with the American colonies) to Lima, Peru, and from there to the other cities of the viceroyalty. Because of this, products took a very long time to arrive in Buenos Aires, and the taxes generated by the transport made them prohibitive. This scheme frustrated the traders of Buenos Aires, and a thriving informal, yet tolerated by the authorities, contraband industry developed inside the viceroyalties and with the Portuguese. This also instilled a deep resentment among porteños towards the Spanish authorities.

Sensing these feelings, Charles III of Spain progressively eased the trade restrictions before finally declaring Buenos Aires an open port in the late 18th century. The capture of Portobelo in Panama by British forces also fueled the need to foster commerce via the Atlantic route, to the detriment of Lima-based trade. One of his rulings was to split a region from the Viceroyalty of Perú and create instead the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, with Buenos Aires as the capital. However, Charles's placating actions did not have the desired effect, and the porteños, some of them versed in the ideology of the French Revolution, instead became even more convinced of the need for independence from Spain.

During the British invasions of the Río de la Plata, British forces attacked Buenos Aires twice. In 1806 the British successfully invaded Buenos Aires, but an army from Montevideo led by Santiago de Liniers defeated them. In the brief period of British rule, the viceroy Rafael Sobremonte managed to escape to Córdoba and designated this city as capital. Buenos Aires became the capital again after its recapture by Argentine forces, but Sobremonte could not resume his duties as viceroy. Santiago de Liniers, chosen as new viceroy, prepared the city against a possible new British attack and repelled a second invasion by Britain in 1807. The militarization generated in society changed the balance of power favorably for the criollos (in contrast to peninsulars), as well as the development of the Peninsular War in Spain.

An attempt by the peninsular merchant Martín de Álzaga to remove Liniers and replace him with a Junta was defeated by the criollo armies. However, by 1810 it would be those same armies who would support a new revolutionary attempt, successfully removing the new viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros. This is known as the May Revolution, which is now celebrated as a national holiday. This event started the Argentine War of Independence, and many armies left Buenos Aires to fight the diverse strongholds of royalist resistance, with varying levels of success. The government was held first by two Juntas of many members, then by two triumvirates, and finally by a unipersonal office, the Supreme Director. Formal independence from Spain was declared in 1816, at the Congress of Tucumán. Buenos Aires managed to endure the whole Spanish American wars of independence without falling again under royalist rule.

Historically, Buenos Aires has been Argentina's main venue of liberal, free-trading, and foreign ideas. In contrast, many of the provinces, especially those to the city's northwest, advocated a more nationalistic and Catholic approach to political and social issues. 

During most of the 19th century, the political status of the city remained a sensitive subject. It was already the capital of Buenos Aires Province, and between 1853 and 1860 it was the capital of the seceded State of Buenos Aires. The issue was fought out more than once on the battlefield, until the matter was finally settled in 1880 when the city was federalized and became the seat of government, with its mayor appointed by the president. The Casa Rosada became the seat of the president.

Travelling and Passing Trough Different Borders

Those that do not travel much do not understand the abuses that people are subjected crossing the border specially in US and Germany 

1. Travellers that pay high fees for an airplane ticket much higher that is  necessary are subjected to radiation from the X rat machines.

2. After being iradiated strangers touche your body which is completely inappropriate. 

3.The luggage are opened and strangers touch your clothes.

4. Carry on lugages are subject to removal even of hand cremes just because some random strangers de ide that.

5.We pay in the ticket fees the ever increasing machines that make traveling more inconvenient and more people create more rules and birocracy.

6.Airports forgot their role of transportation agencies and act more and more as jail guards. They presume all travelers are guilty. So they treat travelers as criminals  rising your hands to be X rayed and then touched without any reason and not even apologizing by strangers in uniforms.

7.Sion enough they will invent an IQ test to enter a country.

8. More peoples are paid to slow down the travel and more rules are created. This is mafia style system.

9.In the last 6 years at least 5 types of machines have been purchased by airports with software inconsistent to one another hard to follow some of them with programming errors and totally unnecessary. Cameras take pictures of peoples, amprents are taken exactly as in jail. 

10.Some airports have people in uniforms with guns. Example Frankfurt airport. They are some sort if paramilitary companies.

11. All these people are paid from the ticket price. And the more they are paid the more machines they invent.

12. For interior of the country flights in Argentina people dressed in black with pistols touch you when entering to the gate. They do not have radiation machine but do have intimidating people just because you dared to traveling this country. Argentinians treat tourists as criminals. And they get paid from the tickets fees. They forgot that they are a transportation service.

Mendoza Argentina

Mendoza is located at the foot of the Andes, very far from Buenos Aires and close to the city of Santiago, in Chile, with the Andes cordillera in between. In fact, the city emerged as a stop on a trading route, before traders crossed the cordillera into Chile. It rains very little, about 200mm a year. 

The natural landscape is arid. The climate also tends to be hot. There are no chemtrails as we have in Canada.

However, the province is crossed by several mighty rivers fed by the melting of the glaciers in the Andes cordillera. These rivers have favoured the creation of what they call an “oasis” in which the wine industry has developed prosperously. There are about 250,000 hectares of vineyards in this area, and it is here that the Malbec Argentinean wines are produced.

Water in this country is also considered public property, water allocations, at least in this province, are linked to land ownership, or land titles. Whoever owns agricultural land has water rights in the same proportion as the size of the land.

Here, in Mendoza, land ownership is also a water right.

The city had 850,000 inhabitants in 2009,

in Argentina water is owned and managed by the provincial governments. The federal government is not involved in water management and everything is handled at the state level. The Water Superintendent is proposed by the governor and approved by the legislative body for a five-year period, without possibility of re-election. 

Most of the streets have tall trees on both sides, perfectly aligned and about the same age. The trees must be many decades old and although some do not have leaves at the moment (because of the winter season), they still cover the streetscape with their beautiful organic embrace.

But having tall trees in cities in arid lands is a big challenge, because water is a limiting factor for the growth and survival of trees. How do they manage to grow these trees in the desert?

There were narrow canals along both sides of the street, between the tree line and the road. The canals were paved, which meant that there is no water infiltration going on.


The melting of the glaciers in the Andes provides an abundant and relatively secure water source for the region. The Departamento General de Irrigación, the water agency of the province, allocates a certain amount of water for “recreational use” and this includes the irrigation of trees, green areas in plazas, and parks. So they periodically irrigate all the greenspace of the city in a controlled and efficient way – they open a certain gate upstream for a specific length of time and water runs throughout all the canals (called acequias) in the city reaching every tree. This is really astounding!.
The urination canals are called acequias of Mendoza

The Huarpes, Incas, and Puelches – have inhabited this land for many years before the Spaniards conquered them in the 16th century and named the city Mendoza after the governor of Chile.